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Fażlu l-Lāh Astar-Ābādī ((ペルシア語:فضلالله استرآبادی)), also known as Fażlullāh Tabrīzī Astarābādī〔Irène Mélikoff. ''Hadji Bektach: un mythe et ses avatars : genèse et évolution du soufisme populaire en Turquie'', BRILL, 1998, Chapter IV, p. 116, ISBN 90-04-09344-3〕〔Ryszard Kapuscinski. ''Imperium'', Feltrinelli Editore IT, 2002, p. 56, ISBN 88-07-81326-2〕 by a pseudonym al-Ḥurūfī〔 and a pen name Nāimī, was an Iranian〔("Nesimi, Seyid Imadeddin." Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition )〕〔Begum Ozden Firat, "Writing Over the Body, Writing with the Body, On Shirin Neshat's Women of Allah Series" in José van Dijck, Sonja Neef, F. C. J. Ketelaa, "Sign Here!: Handwriting in the Age of New Media", Amsterdam University, 2006〕 mystic who founded the Ḥurūfī movement. The basic belief of the Ḥurūfiyyah was that the God was incarnated in the body of Fażlullāh and that he would appear as Mahdī when the Last Day was near in order to save Muslims, Christians and Jews.〔Gilles Veinstein. ''Syncrétismes Et Hérésies Dans L'Orient Seljoukide Et Ottoman (XIVe-XVIIIe Siècles)'', Peeters Publishers, 2005, p. 307, ISBN 90-429-1549-8〕〔Ahmet Yaşar Ocak, ''Osmanlı Toplumunda Zındıklar ve Mülhidler'', Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, Istanbul, 1998, pp. 131-135, ISBN 975-333-079-0〕 His followers first came from the village of Toqchi near Isfahan and from there, the fame of his small community spread throughout Khorasan, ʿErāq, Azerbaijan and Shirvan.〔 The center of Fażlullāh Nāimī's influence was Baku and most of his followers came from Shirvan.〔Bryan S. Turner. ''Islam: Critical Concepts in Sociology'', Routledge, 2003, p. 284, ISBN 0-415-12347-X〕 Among his followers was the famous Ḥurūfī poet Seyyed Imadaddin Nasimi, one of the greatest Turkic mystical poets of the late 14th and early 15th centuries.〔 ==Early life== Fażlullāh was born in Astarābād, Iran, circa 1339/1340, to a family of judges. According to the traditional Ḥurūfī biography, Fażlullāh Astarābādī was born in a household that traced its descent to the seventh Shī‘ah Imam, Musa al-Kazim.〔(Encyclopedia Iranica, "ASTARĀBĀDĪ, FAŻLALLĀH" (d. 796/1394), founder of the Ḥorūfī religion, H. Algar )〕〔Abbas Amanat, Imagining the End: Visions of Apocalypse from the Ancient Middle East to Modern America , I.B. Tauris, 2002〕 Fażlullāh's predecessor, in eighth or ninth generation, was Muhammad al-Yamanī, from the family which originated in Yemen, the center of heterodox Islam at the time.〔 Fażlullāh's family was from the Shāfi‘ī school of Sunni Islam — however, this did not figure greatly in his religious development. When his father died when he was still a child, Fażlullāh inherited his position and appeared at the courthouse on horse back everyday, acting as a figurehead while his assistants carried out the work of the court. At the age of eighteen he had an extraordinary religious experience when a nomadic dervish recited a verse by Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi: :''Why are you afraid of death when you have the essence of eternity?'' :''How can the grave contain you when you have the light of God?'' Fażlullāh fell into a trance and when he inquired as to the verses meaning his religious teacher told him that to understand it one would have to devote their life to religious pursuits and then one could experience the meaning rather than knowing it intellectually. After a year of trying to maintain his duties as a judge during the day while engaged in solitary prayer in a graveyard at night, he abandoned his family, possessions and security to become an itinerant religious seeker. As he left Astarābād, he exchanged his clothes for the felt clothing of a shepherd he met. From then on he always wore this shirt as a symbol of having abandoned worldly connections and comforts. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fazlallah Astarabadi (Naimi)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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